Владимир Набоков: Поиск по текстам произведений автора и критике. Cлово "AUDIENCE". Классическая русская литература.

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Часть текста: in America in May of 1940; except for some brief guest appearances, this was Father's first lecturing engagement at an American university. The Stanford course also included a discussion of some American plays, a survey of Soviet theatre, and an analysis of commentary on drama by several American critics. The two lectures presented here have been selected to accompany Nabokov's plays because they embody, in concentrated form, many of his principal guidelines for writing, reading, and performing plays. The reader is urged to bear in mind, however, that, later in life, Father might have expressed certain thoughts differently. The lectures were partly in typescript and partly in manuscript, replete with Nabokov's corrections, additions, deletions, occasional slips of the pen, and references to previous and subsequent installments of the course. I have limited myself to what editing seemed necessary for the presentation of the lectures in essay form. If Nabokov had been alive, he might perhaps have performed more radical surgery. He might also have added that the gruesome throes of realistic suicide he finds unacceptable onstage (in "The Tragedy...

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Часть текста: В. Набоков. Приглашение на казнь В предисловии к сценарию «Лолиты» Набоков признался, что по натуре он не драматург. [1] Те небольшие драмы в стихах, которые он публиковал в 1923–1924 годах, не предназначались для постановки; специально для театра Набоков написал «Человека из СССР», драму в пяти действиях, [2] и после ее единственного представления в 1926 году к драматургии не обращался вплоть до 1937 года. Успех Набокова как драматурга связан с постановкой в «Русском театре» его «драматической комедии» «Событие» (далее — Соб ). [3] Ко времени переезда Набокова из Германии во Францию в 1937 году театральными центрами русской эмиграции в Париже были «Театр Русской Драмы» (организованный Н. Н. Евреиновым, Е. Н. Рощиной-Инсаровой и Ю. П. Анненковым) и «Русский Драматический Театр в Париже» (основатель Н. Ф. Балиев). [4] В 1936-м в Париже был создан «Русский театр», для которого И. Фондаминский, входивший в состав «Общества друзей русского драматического искусства» (наряду с М. Алдановым, И. Буниным и председателем Общества А. Коноваловым) и активно поддерживавший новое начинание, предложил Набокову сочинить пьесу. [5] Шумный успех постановки Соб «Русским театром» вызвал целый ряд откликов и оценок, из которых самым последовательным и глубоким был разбор пьесы в сопоставлении с «Ревизором», проведенный В. Ходасевичем, утверждавшим, что Соб «можно рассматривать как вариант к „Ревизору“». [6] Однако некоторые драматургические приемы Набокова оказались непонятны и такому соприродному ему читателю, как Ходасевич, который в первом отзыве на Соб писал, что «ни в театре, ни в чтении не понял, чем мотивирована рифмованная...

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Часть текста: published in The Listener (November 22, 1962). I have mislaid the cards on which I had written my answers. I suspect that the published text was taken straight from the tape for it teems with inaccuracies. These I have tried to weed out ten years later but was forced to strike out a few sentences here and there when memory refused to restore the sense flawed by defective or improperly mended speech. The poem I quote (with metrical accents added) will be found translated into English in Chapter Two of The Gift, G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York, 1963. Would you ever go back to Russia? I will never go back, for the simple reason that all the Russia I need is always with me: literature, language, and my own Russian childhood. I will never return. I will never surrender. And anyway, the grotesque shadow of a police state will not be dispelled in my lifetime. I don't think they know my works there-- oh, perhaps a number of readers exist there in my special secret service, but let us not forget that Russia has grown tremendously provincial during these forty years, apart from the fact that people there are told what to read, what to think. In America I'm happier than in any other country. It is in America that I found my best readers,...

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Часть текста: на Фильдовы переводы занялись бы Вы лучше основательным разбором мерзостных “преображений”, которыми Lowell, Ольга Carlisle и их сообщники оскорбляют тень Мандельштама и других бедных наших поэтов. В свое время я, конечно, грохну, но хорошо бы и Вам продолжить Вашу кампанию против этих шарлатанов» 1 . В публикации в журнале «Звезда» (1999. № 4) подготовленной Е. Б. Белодубровским, эти строки сопровождаются следующей историко-литературной справкой: «Роберт Лоуэлл (1917-1977) - американский поэт. Ольга Карлайл, урожд<енная> Андреева - внучка русского писателя Леонида Андреева, дочь его сына, эмигрантского поэта и прозаика Вадима Андреева, - переводчица, журналистка, автор мемуаров, в том числе о встречах с Борисом Пастернаком» 2 . Справка эта нуждается в существенных дополнениях. В частности, что такое те «мерзостны<е> “преображен- ии<я>”», о которых с таким гневом пишет своему адресату Набоков? Очевидно, что речь здесь идет об одной из тогдашних новинок - антологии “Poets on Street Corners” («Поэты на уличных углах») под редакцией О. В. Андреевой-Карлайль. В антологию эту вошли переводы из пятнадцати русских поэтов: А. Блока, Анны Ахматовой, Б. Пастернака, О. Мандельштама, М. Цветаевой, В. Маяковского, С. Есенина, Н. Заболоцкого, Б. Поплавского, Е. Евтушенко, А. Вознесенского, И. Холина, Г. Сапгира, Б. Ахмадулиной и И. Бродского 3 . Переводы из Мандельштама, выполненные Робертом Лоуэллом, лауреатом Bollingen Poetry...

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Часть текста: Curiously enough, one cannot read a book, one can only reread it, as the Master once wrote. And this I did, many times, savoring the turns of phrase and the shades of words, staunch in my belief that a careful rereader, forearmed with a knowledge of what is to come, is more apt to catch the glimpses of future greatness that the prose of a first novel allows. After having considered and discarded one by one a series of clever but clumsy titles for this chapter I settled on the pedestrian choice above. Engaging in verbal legerdemain while speaking of Nabokov is a perilous and perhaps foolhardy undertaking, given his own multilingual mastery over words--one might compare it to beginning a talk on Nijinsky by stepping from behind the lectern to attempt a jeté or two. While much, indeed too much, has been written about Nabokov's English novels, much less has been said about his earliest Russian fiction. It is to this I must now turn. My editor has chided me for diverging too frequently and too widely from my subject--but what is a life if not a series of diversions from some hidden, ineffable theme? Mashen'ka opens with the...

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Часть текста: С. 112–126. Искусство литературы и здравый смысл / Пер. Е. Ермаковой // Звезда. 1996. № 11. С. 65–73. Круг. Л., 1990. Лекции по русской литературе. М.: Независимая газета, 1996. Первое стихотворение / Пер. М. Маликовой // В. В. Набоков: Pro et contra. СПб.: Издательство Русского Христианского гуманитарного института, 1997. С. 741–750. Переписка с сестрой. Ann Arbor: Ardis, 1985. Произведения Набокова, изданные на английском языке: The Annotated Lolita / Edited, with a preface, introduction, and notes by Alfred Appel, Jr. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1970. Appendix One: Abram Gannibal. // Eugene Onegin, by Aleksandr Pushkin. Revised edition. Translated with a commentary by Vladimir Nabokov. Four volumes. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1975. Vol. 3. P. 387–447. The Circle // Nabokov F. A Russian Beauty and Other Stories. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1973. P. 253–268. Conclusive Evidence: A Memoir. New York: Harper and Row, 1951. The Creative Writer // Bulletin of the New England Modern Language Association. 1942. 4. N 1. P. 21–29. Foreword // Nabokov V. Despair. New York: Putnam's, 1965. P. 7–10. Lectures on Don Quixote / Ed. by Fredson Bowers. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich / Bruccoli Clark, 1983. Lectures on Literature / Ed. by Fredson Bowers. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich / Bruccoli Clark, 1980....

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Часть текста: spring, 1971, issue of Novel, A Forum on Fiction, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. In the twelve years since the American publication of Lolita, you've published twenty-two or so books-- new American or Antiterran novels, old Russian works in English, Lolita in Russian-- giving one the impression that, as someone has said-- John Updike, I think-- your oeuvre is growing at both ends. Now that your first novel has appeared (Mashenka, 1926), it seems appropriate that, as we sail into the future, even earlier works should adhere to this elegant formula and make their quantum leap into English. Yes, my forthcoming Poems and Problems [McGraw-Hill] will offer several examples of the verse of my early youth, including "The Rain Has Flown," which was composed in the park of our country place, Vyra, in May 1917, the last spring my family was to live there. This "new" volume consists of three sections: a selection of thirty-six Russian poems, presented in the original and in translation; fourteen poems which I wrote directly in English, after 1940 and my arrival in America (all of which were published in The New Yorker), and eighteen chess problems, all but two of which were composed in recent years (the chess manuscripts of the 1940-1960 period have been mislaid and the earlier unpublished jottings are not worth printing). These Russian poems constitute no more than one percent of the mass of verse which I exuded with monstrous regularity during my youth. Do the components of that monstrous mass fall into any discernible periods or stages of development? What can be called rather grandly my European period of verse-making seems to...

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Часть текста: have no bearing on Lolita whatever. Humbert was fond of "little girls"-- not simply "young girls." Nymphets are girl-children, not starlets and "sex kittens." Lolita was twelve, not eighteen, when Humbert met her. You may remember that by the time she is fourteen, he refers to her as his "aging mistress." One critic has said about you that "his feelings are like no one else's. " Does this make sense to you? Or does it mean that you know your feelings better than others know theirs? Or that you have discovered yourself at other levels? Or simply that your history is unique? I do not recall that article; but if a critic makes such a statement, it must surely mean that he has explored the feelings of literally millions of people, in at least three countries, before reaching his conclusion. If so, lama rare fowl indeed. If, on the other hand, he has merely limited himself to quizzing members of his family or club, his statement cannot be discussed seriously. Another critic has written that your "worlds are static. They may become tense with obsession, but they do not break apart like the worlds of everyday reality. " Do you agree? Is there a static quality in your view of things? Whose "reality"? "Everyday" where? Let me suggest that the very term "everyday reality" is utterly static since it presupposes a situation that is permanently observable, essentially objective, and universally known. I suspect you have invented that expert on "everyday reality." Neither exists. He does (names him). A third critic has said that you "diminish" your characters "to the point where they become ciphers in a cosmic farce. " I disagree; Humbert, while comic, retains a touching and...

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Часть текста: Since Mr. Nabokov does not like to talk off the cuff (or "Off the Nabocuff," as he said) no tape recorder was used. Mr. Nabokov ei! ther wrote out his answers to the questions or dictated them to the interviewer; in some instances, notes from the conversation were later recast as formal questions-and-answers. The interviewer was Nabokov's student at Cornell University in 1954, and the references are to Literature 311-312 (MWF, 12), a course on the Masterpieces of European Fiction (Jane Austen, Gogol, Dickens, Flaubert, Tolstoy, Stevenson, Kafka, Joyce, and Proust). Its enrollment had reached four hundred by the time of Nabokov's resignation in 1959. The footnotes to the interview, except where indicated, are provided by the interviewer, Alfred Appel, Jr. For years bibliographers and literary journalists didn't know whether to group you under "Russian" or "American. "Now that you're living in Switzerland there seems to be complete agreement that you're...

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Часть текста: связано с европейской театральной традицией и набором определенных условностей этого синтетического рода искусства. Понимать же его следует a contrario – следующий всем требованиям современного коммерческого театра драматург по своей природе далек от искусства; в том же направлении мыслей Набоков полагал, к примеру, что Достоевский по натуре был несостоявшимся драматургом . Те короткие стихотворные драмы, которые Набоков публиковал в начале 20‑х годов («Скитальцы», «Смерть», «Полюс» и др.), относились к жанру пьес для чтения (Lesedrama) и не предназначались для постановки; большая «Трагедия господина Морна» (1924) вопреки его надеждам не только не была поставлена, но и не была издана при его жизни. Дебют Набокова‑драматурга состоялся в 1927 году, когда Юрий Офросимов поставил в Берлине его драму из эмигрантской жизни «Человек из СССР» [150], и после ее единственного представления Набоков к драматургии не обращался десять лет. Неожиданный успех Сирина‑драматурга связан с постановкой «Русским театром» в Париже «драматической...

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