Владимир Набоков: Поиск по текстам произведений автора и критике. Cлово "INFLUENCE". Классическая русская литература.

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Часть текста: some American plays, a survey of Soviet theatre, and an analysis of commentary on drama by several American critics. The two lectures presented here have been selected to accompany Nabokov's plays because they embody, in concentrated form, many of his principal guidelines for writing, reading, and performing plays. The reader is urged to bear in mind, however, that, later in life, Father might have expressed certain thoughts differently. The lectures were partly in typescript and partly in manuscript, replete with Nabokov's corrections, additions, deletions, occasional slips of the pen, and references to previous and subsequent installments of the course. I have limited myself to what editing seemed necessary for the presentation of the lectures in essay form. If Nabokov had been alive, he might perhaps have performed more radical surgery. He might also have added that the gruesome throes of realistic suicide he finds unacceptable onstage (in "The Tragedy of Tragedy") are now everyday fare on kiddies' TV, while "adult" entertainment has long since outdone all the goriness of the Grand Guignol. He might have observed that the aberrations of theatrical method wherein the illusion of a barrier between stage and audience is shattered - a phenomenon he considered "freakish" - are now commonplace: actors wander and mix; the audience is invited to participate; it is then applauded by the players in a curious reversal of roles made chic by Soviet performers ordered to emulate the mise-en-sce´ne of party congresses; and the term "happening" has already managed to grow obsolescent. He might have commented that the quest for originality for its own sake has led to ludicrous excesses and things have taken their helter-skelter course in random theatre as they have in random music and in random...

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Часть текста: had any definite influence upon me. As to the influence of places and persons, I owe many metaphors and sensuous associations to the North Russian landscape of my boyhood, and I am also aware that my father was responsible for my appreciating very early in life the thrill of a great poem. Have you ever seriously contemplated a career other than in letters? Frankly, I never thought of letters as a career. Writing has always been for me a blend of dejection and high spirits, a torture and a pastime-- but I never expected it to be a source of income. On the other hand, I have often dreamt of a long and exciting career as an obscure curator of lepidoptera in a great museum. Which of your writings has pleased you most? I would say that of all my books Lolita has left me with the most pleasurable afterglow-- perhaps because it is the purest of all, the most abstract and carefully contrived. I am probably responsible for the odd fact that people don't seem to name their daughters Lolita any more. I have heard of young female poodles being given that name since 1956, but of no human beings. Well-wishers have tried to translate Lolita into Russian, but with such execrable results that I'm now doing a translation myself. The word "jeans," for example, is translated in Russian dictionaries as "wide, short trousers"-- a totally unsatisfactory definition. In the foreword to The Defense you allude to psychiatry. Do you think the dependence of analyzed on analysts is a great danger? I cannot conceive bow anybody in his right...

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Часть текста: atmosphere. Their suite of rooms is on the sixth floor, overlooking Lake Geneva, and the sounds of the lake are audible through the open doors of their small balcony. Since Mr. Nabokov does not like to talk off the cuff (or "Off the Nabocuff," as he said) no tape recorder was used. Mr. Nabokov ei! ther wrote out his answers to the questions or dictated them to the interviewer; in some instances, notes from the conversation were later recast as formal questions-and-answers. The interviewer was Nabokov's student at Cornell University in 1954, and the references are to Literature 311-312 (MWF, 12), a course on the Masterpieces of European Fiction (Jane Austen, Gogol, Dickens, Flaubert, Tolstoy, Stevenson, Kafka, Joyce, and Proust). Its enrollment had reached four hundred by the time of Nabokov's resignation in 1959. The footnotes to the interview, except where indicated, are provided by the interviewer, Alfred Appel, Jr. For years bibliographers and literary journalists didn't know whether to group you under "Russian" or "American. "Now that...

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Часть текста: one returns to the solace of others? I'm a very poor speaker. I hope our audience won't mind my using notes. My exploration of time's prison as described in the first chapter of Speak, Memory was only a stylistic device meant to introduce my subject. Memory often presents a life broken into episodes, more or less perfectly recalled. Do you see any themes working through from one episode to another? Everyone can sort out convenient patterns of related themes in the past development of his life. Here again I had to provide pegs and echoes when furnishing my reception halls. Is the strongest tie between men this common captivity in time? Let us not generalize. The common captivity in time is felt differently by different people, and some people may not feel it at all. Generalizations are full of loopholes and traps. I know elderly men for whom "time" only means "timepiece." What distinguishes us from animals? Being aware of being aware of being. In other words, if I not only know that I am but also know that I know it, then I belong to the human species. All the rest follows-- the glory of thought, poetry, a vision of the universe. In that respect, the gap between ape and man is immeasurably greater than the one between amoeba and ape. The difference between an ape's memory and human memory is the difference between an ampersand and the British Museum library. Judging from your own awakening consciousness as a child, do you think that the capacity to use language, syntax, relate ideas, is something we learn from adults, as if we were computers being programed, or do we begin to use a unique, built-in capability of our own-- call it imagination? The stupidest person in the world is an all-round genius compared to the cleverest computer. How we learn to imagine and express things is a riddle with premises impossible to express ...

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Часть текста: that, as we sail into the future, even earlier works should adhere to this elegant formula and make their quantum leap into English. Yes, my forthcoming Poems and Problems [McGraw-Hill] will offer several examples of the verse of my early youth, including "The Rain Has Flown," which was composed in the park of our country place, Vyra, in May 1917, the last spring my family was to live there. This "new" volume consists of three sections: a selection of thirty-six Russian poems, presented in the original and in translation; fourteen poems which I wrote directly in English, after 1940 and my arrival in America (all of which were published in The New Yorker), and eighteen chess problems, all but two of which were composed in recent years (the chess manuscripts of the 1940-1960 period have been mislaid and the earlier unpublished jottings are not worth printing). These Russian poems constitute no more than one percent of the mass of verse which I exuded with monstrous regularity during my youth. Do the components of that monstrous mass fall into any discernible periods or stages of development? What can be called rather grandly my European period of verse-making seems to show several distinctive stages: an initial one of passionate and commonplace love verse (not represented in Poems and Problems)-, a period reflecting utter distrust of the so-called October Revolution; a period (reaching well into the nineteen-twenties) of a kind of private curatorship, aimed at preserving nostalgic retrospections and developing Byzantine imagery (this has been mistaken by some readers for an interest in "religion" which, beyond literary stylization, never meant anything to me); a period lasting another decade or so during which I set myself to...

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Часть текста: но в том, чтобы методами филологии анализировать то психологическое явление, которое описано литературным материалом» (“The purposes of such studies are not to use the psychological methods for the literary analysis, but to use the literary methods in order to analyze the psychological phenomenon, which is described in the literary text”) [20, с.9]. These studies are interdisciplinary, for they are situated on the boundaries of different academic fields, such as physiology, medicine, philosophy, psychology, literary and cultural studies, and semiotics. V.M.Kovalzon, The Doctor of Biology and a member of the International Association for the Study of Dreams, defines the process of sleeping as “...особое генетически детерминированное состояние организма человека и других теплокровных животных (т.е. млекопитающих и птиц), характеризующееся закономерной последовательной сменой определенных полиграфических картин в виде циклов, фаз и стадий» (“.a special, genetically determined state of the human body and the body of other warm-blooded animals (mammals and birds), which is characterized by the logical succession of certain multi-graphic pictures in the form of cycles, phases and stages” ) [6, с.311]. The process of sleeping is inevitably accompanied by the phases of dreams, which some scholars describe as the period of paradoxical sleeping. According to J.M. Lotman, a dream is «семиотическое зеркало, и каждый видит в нем отражение своего языка» (“.a semiotic mirror, and everyone beholds in it the reflection of his or her own language”) [9, с.124]. V. N. Toporov, while chronologically cataloguing literary dreams from the texts of I. S. Turgenev, proposed to classify them according to their themes and to distinguish their repeating motifs and archetypes [21]. But the recurrence of similar images and situations of literary dreams might be found in the literary texts not only of the same, but of different authors. This fact cannot be explained in a singular...

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Часть текста: жены получить страховку и начать жизнь заново. Изъян этого плана, очевидный всем, кроме повествователя от первого лица, заключается в том, что бродяга нисколько не похож на него. Антигерой Германн рассматривает свой страшный замысел и его литературное воплощение как истинное произведение искусства, хотя его план примитивен, а рассказ о нем пестрит отголосками темы двойника из русской классики. {9} В качестве сквозного символа романа Набоков выбрал вполне традиционный образ — зеркало. Более тонкое сплетение темы, сюжета и лейтмотива можно найти в романе «Камера обскура»: главный герой этого романа, не отличающийся проницательностью знаток живописи, мечтает оживить работы старых мастеров с помощью мультипликации. Его брак и вся жизнь рушатся, когда, в результате связи с корыстолюбивой девчонкой, помешанной на том, чтобы стать киноактрисой, он теряет зрение в автокатастрофе. Намеренно избитый сюжет книги воплощается с помощью техники кинематографа, вероятно, выступающего здесь в качестве тематической метафоры искаженного восприятия. Здесь Набоков снова вводит мотив, который резонирует с темой и сюжетом — рамы: дверные и оконные рамы, рамы зеркал и картин, иначе говоря, объектив камеры обскуры, сквозь который зритель следит за развитием истории. В первом зрелом романе Набокова «Защита Лужина» гроссмейстер Лужин предполагает и располагает в своем абстрактном шахматном королевстве. На доске жизни, однако, дела у него идут не так успешно: он ведет борьбу с безумием, напоминающую шахматную...

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Часть текста: ни капли нет — 8 Его не терпит высший свет. Бледнеть Онегин начинает: Ей иль не видно, иль не жаль; Онегин сохнет, и едва ль 12 Уж не чахоткою страдает. Все шлют Онегина к врачам, Те хором шлют его к водам. 8 Пушкин был человеком умным и тем не менее использовал это жалкое добропорядочное назидание, чтобы повлиять на свою невесту, которая, прочти она Пушкина, могла бы отказаться от претенциозной манеры «московской барышни». XXXII А он не едет; он заране Писать ко прадедам готов О скорой встрече; а Татьяне 4 И дела нет (их пол таков); А он упрям, отстать не хочет, Еще надеется, хлопочет; Смелей здорового, больной 8 Княгине слабою рукой Он пишет страстное посланье. Хоть толку мало вообще Он в письмах видел не вотще; 12 Но, знать, сердечное страданье Уже пришло ему невмочь. Вот вам письмо его точь-в-точь. 7 В тексте в конце этой строки нет знака препинания, но, несомненно, это или ошибка переписчика, или типографская опечатка. 14 …точь-в-точь. — Следует ли понимать, что «точь-в-точь» относится не к точности перевода, но подразумевает верно снятую копию (хотя это...

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Часть текста: гораздо позже — мне хочется, чтобы вы предвкушали этот подробный отчет. Пока же я предполагаю лишь слегка осветить своим маленьким факелом угол пыточной камеры и поначалу приведу образцы жизнерадостной физической жестокости из первой части. Затем я рассмотрю душевную жестокость во второй части, а так как эта душевная жестокость проявляется преимущественно в мистификациях, нам придется поговорить о различного вида чародействах и чародеях. Нашим первым чародеем окажется Санчо — и в этой связи возникнет тема Дульсинеи. Другой интересный пример — это Дон Кихот, околдовавший сам себя, эпизод в пещере Монтесиноса. Затем я буду готов обрушиться на главных чародеев второй части — на герцогиню с ее герцогом. На мой взгляд, в нравственности нашей книги есть нечто, отбрасывающее мертвенно-синий лабораторный свет на гордую плоть ее обагренных кровью отрывков. Поговорим о жестокости. Замысел автора, по всей вероятности, таков: следуй за мной, неблагосклонный читатель, который обожает смотреть, как живую собаку надувают воздухом и пинают ногами, словно футбольный мяч; читатель, которому приятно воскресным утром по дороге в церковь или из церкви ткнуть палкой бедного мошенника в колодках или послать в него плевок; следуй за мной, неблагосклонный читатель, и полюбуйся, в какие изобретательные и жестокие руки предам я своего смехотворно уязвимого героя. Надеюсь, ты по достоинству оценишь то, что я готов тебе предложить. Неправда, что — как утверждают наши благонамеренные комментаторы, и среди них Обри Белл,...

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Часть текста: unit, each containing a double bed. I wondered what type of foursome this arrangement was even intended for, since only a pharisaic parody of privacy could be attained by means of the incomplete partition dividing the cabin or room into two communicating love nests. By and by, the very possibilities that such honest promiscuity suggested (two young couples merrily swapping mates or a child shamming sleep to earwitness primal sonorities) made me bolder, and every now and then I would take a bed-and-cot or twin-bed cabin, a prison cell or paradise, with yellow window shades pulled down to create a morning illusion of Venice and sunshine when actually it was Pennsylvania and rain. We came to know nous connmes, to use a Flaubertian intonationthe stone cottages under enormous Chateaubriandesque trees, the brick unit, the adobe unit, the stucco court, on what the Tour Book of the Automobile Association describes as “shaded” or “spacious” or “landscaped” grounds. The log kind, finished in knotty pine, reminded Lo, by its golden-brown glaze, of friend-chicken bones. We held in contempt the plain whitewashed clapboard Kabins, with their faint sewerish smell or some other gloomy self-conscious stench and nothing to boast of (except “good beds”), and an unsmiling landlady always prepared to have her gift (“…well, I could give you…”) turned down. Nous connmes (this is royal fun) the would-be enticements of their repetitious namesall those Sunset Motels, U-Beam Cottages, Hillcrest Courts, Pine View Courts, Mountain View Courts, Skyline...

Поиск по творчеству и критикеCлово "INFLUENCE"

Поиск по творчеству и критике
Cлово "INFLUENCE"